Overview
Microwave ablation (MWA) is a minimally invasive technique used to treat thyroid nodules or tumors by using microwave energy to generate heat and destroy abnormal tissue. It is particularly effective for patients with benign thyroid nodules that cause symptoms or cosmetic concerns. This procedure is performed under local anesthesia and offers a quick recovery time. When compared to RFA or laser ablation, it is usually the quickest. HOWEVER, because of that speed it has also been associated with more injuries for proceduralists who are doing MWA. For that reason, at the Russell Center we have so far been hesitant to adopt this technology, prioritizing patient outcomes over speed.
Procedure
In microwave ablation, a thin antenna is inserted into the thyroid nodule under ultrasound guidance. Microwave energy is delivered through the antenna, heating the tissue and causing it to break down. The procedure typically takes less than an hour and is performed on an outpatient basis, allowing patients to return home the same day.
Benefits and Risks
As with all thermal ablation techniques, microwave ablation of a thyroid nodule offers several benefits, including a minimally invasive approach, reduced recovery time, and minimal scarring. It is a suitable option for patients who wish to avoid more invasive surgery. However, potential risks include infection, bleeding, and unintended damage to surrounding tissues. These risks are generally low, and your doctor will discuss them with you to ensure you are fully informed.
Recovery and Follow-Up
Recovery from microwave ablation is typically quick, with most patients able to resume normal activities within a few days. Mild discomfort at the treatment site is common and can be managed with over-the-counter pain medications. Regular follow-up appointments are important to monitor the treated nodule and ensure the procedure's success. Additional treatments may be needed if the nodule does not shrink as expected.
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